Contents

Theory

Khasbulatov R. I. Idols and idolaters: the failure of libertarism. Paper 1 (pp. 3–14). Original text and References

The global crisis of 2008–2010 has not only revealed the internal weakness of capitalism as a self-regulated system but also has immensely intensified the criticism of capitalism as a social system. For the first time after the disappearance of the world socialism and the triumph of capitalism there have appeared the most serious grounds to think that modern capitalism poses a threat for society and that it is far from perfect. All the participants of the world economic community agree that there is needed a crucial reorganization of the fundamentals proper of the international economic and financial relations. In the paper the existing approaches are estimated and new solutions are suggested.

Keywords: social revolutions, reformation, ‘Washington consensus’, classical liberalism, Keynesianism, neo-Keynesianism, monetarism, libertarianism, crisis, depression.

Kefeli I. F. The Global Geopolitics – realities and theoretical knowledge of the 21^st century (pp. 15–28). Original text and References

There are analyzed new prospects of global world, where the outlines of global culture and global ideology are noticeable. The hindsight into the past appears in a new paradigm – global history. The sustainable development concept starts to acquire the leading role in global ecology. In the world politics there is an obvious tendency towards the transition from the power geopolitics, that emerged at the turn of the 19^th – 20^th centuries and symbolized the redivision of the world among colonial powers and world wars, to the global geoploitics. The geopolitical image of the global world, following the logic of sustainable development, is a unity of geocivilizations – “huge spaces”, whose dynamic development within multipolar world appears to be an essential condition for the human survival.

Keywords: global world, global geopolitics, global weapon, network-centric wars, multipolar world, geocivilizations.

Krasavina L. N. The tendencies and prospects of the reform of the world currency system (pp. 29–43). Original text and References

The article comprises attempt to outline the approaches to the reformation of the world monetary system which determine the principles of its functioning and intergovernmental regulation with regard for the lessons of the present world financial economic crisis. There were also systematized and analysed the basic directions of Jamaican monetary system reform with respect to the multicurrency standard introduction, supranational currency; determination of gold's fortune as the world monetary system; choice of the exchange rate regime; reorganization of activity of International Monetary Fund as the intergovernmental money regulation institute.

Keywords: world monetary system, multicurrency standard, supranational world money, gold, exchange rate regime, International Monetary Fund, world financial and economic crisis, regional currencies.

Processes of Globalization

Akayev A. A., Akayeva B. A. The challenges of global demographic transition and the urgency of policy decisions (pp. 44–66). Original text and References

Modern global demographic transition which followed the explosion-like growth of the world population in the 20^th century exacerbated the ecological, social, economic, and geopolitical problems in the world. The humankind will encounter severe food and energy crises. Structural-demographic trends lead to an increase of the proportion of elderly people in developed countries and the proportion of youth in developing countries. This causes increasing pressure upon the migration flows from the poor South to the rich North. All these challenges press the global community, G-20 and the UN to make urgent strategic decisions on transition to ecological economy, on the family planning policies in developing countries, on expanding the migration intake capacity of developed countries, and realization of wide-scale programs on creating employment in developing countries. Trends leading to the decrease of the world population threaten the planet depopulation.

Keywords: demographic transition, food and ecological crisis, biosphere carrying capacity, sustainable development, structural-demographic trends, “youth bulge”, migration, network revolution.

Ivakhnyuk I. V. The international migration as a source of development (Remarks in connection with global discussion) (pp. 67–79). Original text and References

The article contains arguments that in the modern world the international migration of population, especially its economically eligible types and forms, acts as an important source of development for countries receiving migrants as well as for original countries. Along with that, relations that emerge between two groups of countries are defined as a migratory interdependence. Recognition of migratory interdependence stimulates active search for the mechanisms, which could give migration flows a more ordered character and thus provide effective usage of migratory potential for the receiving countries, countries of origin and for migrants themselves. The paper explores how this search is implemented at the global level – within the framework of Global forum on migration and development. The author shares with readers her own impressions from the participating in GFMD in November 2010 in Mexico.

Keywords: international migration, migratory interdependence, Global forum on migration and development, migratory politics.

Grinin L. E. The origins of globalization: the World-System analysis (pp. 80–94). Original text and References

The paper investigates the historical aspect of globalization and analyzes the main integration processes that have been taking place during the last several thousand years. In this respect the history of Afroeurasian world-system formation, development and its transformation into contemporary planetary World-System gives large possibilities. That is why this research has been made in the framework of the world-system approach. In the present paper the focus lies on the historically huge scale of the boundary system links that long before the Great Geographic discoveries had become inter(supra)continental. With the account of this scale the paper solves the problem whether and to what extent can the processes and connections within Afroeurasian world-system be considered global..

Keywords: globalization, world-system, Afroeurasian world-system, World System, global communication, cycles of political hegemony, agrarian revolu-tion, industrial revolution, technologies. .

Ečimovič T. The corporate and individual social responsibility – a part of the sustainable future of humankind (pp. 95–109). Original text and References

The paper presents a contemporary sciences approach to the present Nature, energy, drinking water, food, credit and social crisis of humankind. The present civilization or our humankind is facing the largest complex social crisis, which is also closely connected with the impact of the climate change system or evolving Planet Earth Biosphere “crisis”. The impact of the climate change system may in the long run change biology, geography and living conditions within the biosphere from suitable ones of the last 12 000 years, to environment not suitable for Homo sapiens to live. It adds to the present social crisis of: energy, drinking water, food and credit; in 2009 we entered difficult times for humankind. The corporate and individual social responsibility is a part of our society with much more importance as we are thinking at present. The possibility for survival is closely connected with social technology/technique of the “Sustainable Future of Humankind” or harmony of our civilization with the Nature of the Planet Earth (Ećimović et al. 2007; Božičnik et al. 2008). The corporate and individual social responsibility will have to play a more important part in future, for new great achievement of our civilization to overcome the crisis of living conditions within the biosphere of the Planet Earth and present credit, energy, drinking water, and food crisis of our global society.

Keywords: corporate and individual social responsibility – c&isr; the climate change system impact, energy, drinking water, food, credit and social crisis; sustainable future of humankind; present humankind civilization; system thinking, requisite holism, social technologies as tool for improvement of global humankind society; the nature of the planet earth; globalization; leadership.

Global Problems

Veber A. B. Will the humans response to the ecological challenge? (pp. 110–121). Original text and References

The article is devoted to current problems of interaction between nature and society within the framework of modern globalization. Much attention is paid to the background of the matter, researches of foreign and Russian scientists in this field, a wide range of evidences is revealed. The main theme is tightly interlaced with one of the most urgent problems of the present – climate changes caused by human activity, there are given different points of view and philosophic generalizations concerning the discussed questions.

Keywords: mankind, ecology, human, nature, climate, global, ecological imperative, politics.

Salikhov G. G. The problem of identity in the context of globalization (pp. 122–129). Original text and References

The article considers the problem of a human identity. Today in Russia as well as all over the world one can observe both a crisis of individual and collective identity that has revealed itself by the early 21^st century. Without comprehending the logic of identity crisis and without study of the problem it will be difficult to understand the modern world, in particular Russia with its polycultural and polynational structure. The free development of its citizens is necessary to solve the problem of identity to some extent.

Keywords: identity, globalization, Russia, ethnos, the individual, transformation.

Nature, society, man

Leibin V. M. A Human being as a global unique problem of modernity (pp. 130–139). Original text and References

Under present-day conditions we face the rethinking of life values and interrelations between humans and nature that surrounds them. Many scientists see the prospects of solving global problems of present times solely through conscious, reasonable actions of the human, presupposing an establishment of completely rational relations with nature. Globality and uniqueness of human existence in the world today leads to the understanding that it is no longer enough to be homo sapiens. The preference should be given to the “moral mind”, which is implemented in moral relations.

Keywords: human, global problems, global studies, mankind, civilization, global system.

Seidova G. N. Globalization and traditional Muslim culture in Dagestan (pp. 140–147). Original text and References

This article stresses the idea that though globalization is connected with economics and communication, it is built on spiritual-philosophical basis. One of the way of shaping spirituality and culture of certain individuals and society in general is religion. The Caucasus region has always been characterized by variety of ethnical-confessional composition of population and is situated in the sphere of interests of many countries, including those which do not belong this region geographically. The support of the cultural pluralism idea and democratic values are considered as an essential part in cultural and ideological interrelation within the framework of globalization.

Keywords: globalization, Islam, culture, tradition, religion, spirituality, dialogue.

Russia in the Global World

Isayev A. S. Forests as Russian national property (pp. 148–158). Original text and References

This article tells about the destiny of Russian forests, whose preservation to a large extent determines moral, economical and ecological situation in the country. The author stands up for the idea that forests are not just a storage of wood but a particular type of state property which besides its source consumer value has a great ecological and social significance as a habitat of Russian ethnic groups. By giving examples of forest fires the author shows the inefficiency of existing Russian forest law and offers concrete legislative and administrative solutions.

Keywords: forest, forestry, forest legislation, forest code, forest fire, state, executive power, management.

Aleshkovsky I. A. The tendencies of international population migration in contemporary Russia in the context of globalization (pp. 159–181). Original text and References

In this paper the demographic situation in post-Soviet Russia undergoing serious transformations in socio-economical and political spheres of life is analyzed. The author uses modern methods of econometric analysis for investigation of socio-economic, demographic, geographic, ethno-political, ecological and other impacts on interstate migration flows. The analysis is made in the framework of the migration factors theory (“pull and push” concept), discovering on this base the factors that “pull” and “push” migrants.

Keywords: migration, population, globalization, transit, migration flows, foreign countries, migration policy.

Global personality

Lapenas A. G. An outstanding Russian climatologist: in memory of M. I. Budyko (pp. 182–189). Original text and References

The paper is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding climatologist who has made a fundamental contribution to the emergence and development of the branch of the global studies devoted to the global climate change on the planet including those under the influence of human activity. The scholar’s life journey is presented as well as his academic achievements.

Keywords: climate, climatology, atmosphere, temperature, science, scientist, nature.

The Authors of the Issue (p. 190).