The present article considers the process of the formation, development and weakening of the world order based on the American hegemony. The ori-gins of the current world order are analyzed. The article presents the analysis of the characteristic features and methods applied by the USA to maintain their position in the world. The author shows how globalization has become more favorable for developing countries than for the developed ones. The gradually forming conviction in the inevitable weakening of the US leadership positions is also analyzed. The article describes the characteristics of the current situation in international relations as a situation of a started reconfiguration of the World-System. The latter should mean the coming of the epoch of turbulence and formation of new coalitions. There will take place a transition to a more sustainable world order which will be a difficult task. The second article will consider the direction and ways of the formation of this new world order, the possible principles and mechanisms of its establishment.

Keywords: world order, globalization, sovereignty, turbulence, new coa-litions, diplomacy, hegemony, weakening of the US positions, superpower, dollar diplomacy, sanctions, World-System.

Akop P. Nazaretyan. The Nonlinear Future: Singularity of the Twenty-First Century as an Element of Megahistory (рр. 18–34). Original text and References

Keywords: Megahistory, synergetics, universal evolution, arrows of time, vectors, acceleration, phase transition, techno-humanitarian balance, the 21st century, singularity, attractors, scenarios, religion, ideology.

Alexander N. Chumakov. Cultural and Civilization Gaps in the Global World (рр. 35–47). Original text and References

The independent calculations conducted by the researchers of different countries and different specialties revealed the logarithmic law of acceleration which covers phase transitions in the history of biosphere and anthroposphere over the period of four billion years. Extrapolation of a mathematical hyperbole shows the prospect of unprecedented global polyfurcation in about the middle of the 21st century. Different scenarios outside the big evolutionary Singularity in the context of Megahistory and synergetics are considered in the present paper. Such an approach provides the universal bases of the obtained mathematical conclusion and, besides, helps to attract the latest data of psychology and cultural anthropology for the identification of attractors and scenarios. The destiny of the terrestrial and probably any other planetary civilization can depend decisively on the fact, whether the carrier of mind will manage to improve the quality of internal regulation corresponding to potentially boundless development of technological power.The article raises a number of topical problems and offers an original expla-nation of their nature. This opens up new opportunities to overcome such problems in the context of globalization through cultural and civilizational policy of the different states, including Russia. In this context, special attention is paid to cultural and civilizational foundations of social systems, analyzes the conditions, when the difference in the cultural and civilizational development of different societies becomes the detonator of social instability and “color revolutions”. The author offers a fresh look at international sanctions, in particular, as an alternative to military confrontation, and as an opportunity to overcome problems peacefully.

Keywords: culture, civilization, cultural and civilizational system, ecumene, lithosphere, conflict, problem, social instability, color revolution, sanctions, interaction.

Processes of globalization

Mehdi Sanai. Globalization and Multiculturalism: Changing Concepts and Foundations (рр. 48–58).Original text and References

The article considers the processes of globalization, the policy of multicultur-alism and their interaction. The role of policy, economy and the technologies in these processes is also analyzed. The paper also attempts to give the answer to the question: which factors and in which processes do strengthen multiculturalism in this globalizing world? It is suggested that the technologies, policy and economy in contradictory processes strengthen multiculturalism.

Keywords: globalization, multiculturalism, policy, economy, culture, technologies.

Alexey A. Moiseev. The Phenomenon of Globalization and International Community (рр. 59–72). Original text and References

The disputes about the nature, characteristics, definitions, and origins of globalization continue until present moment. The representatives of different scientific fields: philosophers, international economists and lawyers, historians, sociologists, culture experts, ecologists, geographers, and representatives of technical science have not agreed upon this socio-historical phenomenon. The present article argues that globalization emerged due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and that it correlates with the concept of the “Golden billion” and has certain positive and negative aspects. The author is convinced that globalization is an objective economic phenomenon which leads to the distribution of the market economy principles in most countries of the world, but still it is not a legal phenomenon.

Keywords: globalization, “Golden billion”, market economy, Internet, transnational corporations.

Alexander D. Dumnov, Nikolay G. Rybal'sky. Macroeconomic Values Based on the Ecosystem Accounting as the Major International Task (рр. 73–89).Original text and References

The article is devoted to disclosing main aspects and structure of the ecosystem accounting as an integral part of the SNA and the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA Central Framework-2012). The global and local roles of the above systems were highlighted. There was studied the document «System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012: Experimental Ecosystem Accounting» prepared by European Commission, OECD, United Nations and World Bank. Also was analyzed in detail the conceptual and terminological apparatus proposed in the study taking into account the ecosystem with global position and in relation to the realities of Russia. Detailed analysis of the conceptual and terminological apparatus was proposed in the study of ecosystem accounting. The categories of ecosystem assets and services are described.

Keywords: ecosystem accounting, system of national accounts, international statistical standard «System of Environmental and Economic Accounting, SEEA», ecosystem assets and services, benefits, the valuation of ecosystem assets and services, ecosystem accounts.

Martin Glen Т. Globalization and the Earth Constitution: Key Stages in the Struggle for Human Liberation (рр. 90–107). Original text and References

Global issues

Vladimir G. Makarov. International Transfer of Nuclear Technologies as a Threat to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (рр. 108–118). Original text and References

Globalization characterizes a process inherent in the world system of sover-eign nations interlinked with capitalist economic relations from its early begin-nings several centuries ago. It also names the recent manifestations of this process in which the world has reached new, unprecedented levels of economic integration and levels of decision-making (“governance”) beyond that of nation-states, making the role of nations contested. Planetary crises developing everywhere have also made the future of this nation-state system and globalization themselves hotly debated. Both the promoters and detractors of the globalization process often ignore the emergence of scientifically grounded holism that took place throughout the 20th century. This holism reveals that what has been globalized to date is a frag-mented version of the early-modern paradigm and that there are vital aspects of planetary universality and unity that have been ignored. By drawing holism into the debate, the way opens for a transformation of our concept of “globalization” that addresses our planetary crises and opens up a liberated and promising future for humanity. The Constitution for the Federation of Earth serves as a model and blueprint for this new transformative holism.

Keywords: Neoliberalism, economics, globalization, world-system, governance, global crises, class analysis, capitalism, sovereign nation-states, economics, socialism, democracy, holism, unity in diversity, universalism, human liberation.

Natalya V. Schennikova. Language Factor of Globalization (рр. 119–129).Original text and References

The issue of global world language is considered in the framework of a new paradigm of communication and practical activity. The polarity of views on the English language status in the present-day world is highlighted and the concept of International English is analyzed. The prognosis is made about the possible vector of functional and structural development of English as Lingua Globalis.

Keywords: globalization, global communication, language constituent of globalization, English, International English.

Yuliya V. Zin'kina. The Malthusian Trap in the Age of Globalization? (рр. 130–142). Original text and References

The paper views the economic and demographic laggardness of Tropical Africa due to which the Malthusian-type risks and threats are still highly relevant to the region. We show that the macroeconomic improvements of recent years have largely failed to transform into visible improvement of the living standards of the majority of population (still employed in extremely low-productive smallholder agriculture). Accounting for the colossal demographic inertia and the already unavoidable population doubling in most Tropical African countries in the next 30– 40 years, this is very likely to have globally destabilizing implications. We also present some practical recommendations on how to mitigate these risks.

Keywords: Tropical Africa, global risks, “Malthusian trap”, demographic explosion, population growth.

Nature, society, and humans

Vladimir A. Grachev. V. I. Vernadsky's Scientific Research as the Basis for the New World View and Sustainable Development (рр. 143–157).Original text and References

The article analyzes and summarizes V. I. Vernadsky’s scientific ideas, examines the relationship between the noosphere worldview, philosophy, religion and science. The author points to the role of scientific and technological advance, education and V. I. Vernadsky’s scientific heritage in achieving sustainable development of society and the transition of the biosphere into the noosphere – the sphere of mind.

Keywords: Vernadsky, noosphere, noospheric worldview, religion, science, sustainable development, scientific and technological advance, education.

Marianna D. Napso, Maryana B. Napso. The Right of the Individual and the Right of the People for Originality in the Realities of Globalization (рр. 158–169). Original text and References

In the terms of globalization ethnonational interests are under the strong influence of such factors as unification of the way of life, standardization of requirements and values, fragmentation of cultures, their hybridization and structuring. Being directed to the preservation of collective identity, they are in a certain conflict with globalization processes. The problem of preservation of peoples’ identity gets more and more acute. Nowadays collective rights become the effective mechanism of protection of ethnic communities from numerous destructive influences that is extremely important under the conditions of globalization. Therefore, preservation of originality must be based on the protection of the rights of its carriers – groups and individuals that equally relates to the issue of respect for the human rights, rights of peoples and separate ethnic groups.

Keywords: globalization, culture, ethnonational, ethnonational interests, right, polyethnicity, identity.

Iskander Kh. Davlatov. The Economic Nature of Globalization and its Influence on the Banking System of Tadjikistan (рр. 170–182). Original text and References

The article discusses the main causes of the change of banking activities in the era of globalization. The prospects and problems of credit institutions in connection with the globalization of the economy are formulated. Discusses the positive and negative economic effects of the impact of globali-zation on the banking system, the factors influencing the occurrence of systemic banking crises, their manifestation on the example of Tajikistan banking system, as well as measures taken by the Republic of Tajikistan to overcome systemic banking crisis.

Keywords: globalization, banking system, money credit policy, financial market, banking crises,inflation, banking risks, Tajikistan

Alexander V. Katsura. Modern Confucianism: Global Motives (рр. 183–189).Original text and References

The article discusses some aspects of the revival of the ancient teachings of Confucius, which may be called the neo-Confucianism, and its influence not only within China and other East Asian countries, but also to enter the international arena in global dimension, with special attention paid to the relationship of neo-Confucianism with the processes of modernization – in this case in terms of technological development.

Keywords: Confucianism, neo-Confucianism, Christianity, modernization, Westernization, science, technology, development, education.

Russia in the global world

Dmitriy I. Kondratov. International Investments of the Russian Companies and Financial Institutions (рр. 190–208). Original text and References

The article highlights some actual, causing fierce debate topic of exports financial capital of Russia, implemented as national corporations has increased dramatically in recent years, the volume of direct investment abroad, and by the government, to rapidly increase its international reserves. In this regard, today in Russia on the agenda are issues of increasing the efficiency of public and private investment abroad, by using their high-priority areas of the national economy. Some conclusions of the author in this area are contained in the present paper.

Keywords: Russia, international reserves, TNC.

Yuri N. Sayamov. The Global Governing of Science – A Chimera or Vital Necessity? (рр. 209–220). Original text and References

The article draws attention to the issue of the global governance of science considered here as a task of international character and one of development goals. The global management of science appears to be a life necessity due to the growing need to jointly search for global scientific responses to the global problems, new risks and challenges that mankind is facing. In conclusion some ideas are expressed and proposals given how, in the author’s opinion, to foster the goal of the global governance of science.

Keywords: science, globalization, global governance.

Scientific life

Global Studies Encyclopedic Dictionary (pp. 221–222).Original text and References