Contents and abstracts

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Historical Psychology & Sociology: Contents and Abstracts

Theories of History

Lev S. Perepyolkin. Social evolution: some debate issues (pp. 5–28).

The presuppositions of the present social and evolutionary study include: the world population growth; humankind division into groups; humankind's group diversification; human dissemination on the Earth's surface, and continuous growth of knowledge as a basic element of culture. A socio-cultural wholeness is singled out as a specific unit of reproduction and development, as well as its historical types.

Keywords: aggression, mutual assistance, reproduction, knowledge, population, social evolution (development), socio-cultural wholeness, social boundaries.

Natalia N. Zarubina. Simplification of mass everyday practices as a transformation vector in complex societies (pp. 29–45).

Asmodern society is becoming more complex, it requires the development of new ways of adapting to its diversity and rapid transformations. The demand for social action in terms of complexity remains behind the real readiness of most people to such actions. The responses to the challenges of complication is simplification expressed in standardization and archaism as local trends in the overall process of structural complexity.

Keywords: complex society, everyday life, simplification, standardization, archaization.

Social-Psychological Surveys of History

Tatiana E. Strokovskaya. The peculiar perception of a South-Slavic opus in Moscovia in the first half of the 16^th century (pp. 46–64).

Saint Clement of Ohrid, a Bulgarian preacher of the 10^th century, wrote ‘The Word of Saint Trinity and the Great Assize’. The article analyzes how the content and the style of this theological work made it so popular in the mid-16^th century in Russia. Through this prism, the peculiarity of mental patterns and cultural dynamics of the époque are considered.

Keywords: cultural identification, mental stereotypes, Byzantine tradition, West-European tradition, literary monuments, style, contents.

Maya P. Gerasimova. Mental transformations in the Japanese society (pp. 65–78).

The retrospective comparative studies reveal peculiar features in the modern Japanese worldview. Mass mental transformations defined the way of development in science and art and enriched it with new concepts including the very concept of ‘Art’.

Keywords: science, art, artistry, tradition, Buddhism, Shinto, understanding, knowledge.

Julia B. Mantova. The representation of space in the Byzantine life stories of the Saint Nikon ‘the Metanoite’ and the Saint Grigenty (pp. 79–85).

Peculiarities in space representation in two Byzantine life stories: St. Grigenty (the 10^th century) and the Saint Nikon ‘the Metanoite’(the 11^th century) are considered. The investigation shows that the authors represent different spaces, and this contradicts common knowledge about Middle Age literature.

Keywords: Byzantine hagiography, space, Lives of Saints, travelling, Middle Ages.

Psychological History of Modernity

Edward S. Kulpin. The Crimean Tartars: The evolution of self-identity (pp. 86–94).

The slow consolidation process of the three Turkic sub-ethnic groups started in the late 19^th – early 20^th century in Crimea, and acquired some specific ‘Soviet’ features in the 1930s. The deportation to Central Asia in 1944 dramatically accelerated the formation of the ethnos, and imparted some unique traits to ethnical and political genesis. Since the late 1980s the repatriation has generated new problems of self-identification of the group. In the new century these problems prove to be related to religion.

Keywords: socio-natural history, Ismail Gasprinsky, ethnos, diaspora, the land capacity, demographic generation.

Irina V. Kutykova. The history of Motherland in perception of pupils and students: The results of the post-Soviet decades (pp. 95–106).

The status and functioning of historical consciousness of modern youth during the latest twenty years are considered. Its common, sustainable, changeable and specific features of local historical consciousness are revealed. The conclusions are based on various researches in the early 1990s, early 2000s and the author's own data in 1996, 2006, 2009 and 2010.

Keywords: historical consciousness, pupils, students, post-Soviet history, determinants of interest to history, images and senses of history, meanings of historical knowledge, aims of historical knowledge.

Discussion

Dmitri B. Grafov. The work of the pro-Israeli lobby in the USA in the 21^st century (pp. 107–127).

The paper considers how the Israeli groups both in Israel and the USA manage to influence the American government policy by means of the lobbying technology. Particular examples of this influence during two last decades are described. The author considers the infrastructure of the Israeli lobby, access points to the object of lobbying, the subjects of this process, their development and place in the system of government and social life of America. Specific methods of lobbying and fighting against the opponents of this direction are shown.

Keywords: Israel, lobby, indirect lobbying, groups of pressure, groups of interest, points of input,theUS Congress.

Louisa R. Khlebnikova. Israeli lobbyism: Voice without the right of veto (pp. 128–141).

Israeli lobbyism and its influence on the White House are popular subjects for both scientific and pulp publications, which have often taken the form of ‘witch-hunt with Jewish tingle’. Therefore, research in the lobbyist structures activities requires a departure from ideological dogmas and any preconception.

Keywords: Israeli lobby, AIPAC, J Street, US-Israeli relations.

Social Violence: A Comparative Historical View

Nikolai V. Mityukov. On the efficiency of the medieval weapons (pp. 142–146).

Some historians suggest that war activities increased in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Logically, this should be accompanied with increasing levels of military innovation and efficiency of weapons, which is not corroborated by numerical simulations.

Keywords: combat efficiency, mathematical model, Middle Ages, war activities, military innovation.

Analytical art studies

Svetlana P. Khokhlova. On the boundaries of the paradigm in history of architecture (pp. 147–168).

The article considers the limitation of the prevailing paradigms in researches in architecture history. The author proposes a relatively new – phenomenological – approach, which considers architecture as implementation of links between different substances related to the out-system elements.

Keywords: architecture, history, methodology, formal-stylistic method, iconology, phenomenology, culture, meaning.

The social past in the individual memories

Vladimir V. Glebkin. Two systems of autobiographical memory: Cultural and historical foundations of the hypothesis (pp. 169–184).

The paper considers Michael Conwey's hypothesis in the context of Lev Vygotsky's cultural-historical psychology. Using particular examples, the author describes the evolution of autobiographic memory from ‘traditional’ to ‘theoretical’ cultures related to the evolution of thinking.

Keywords: autobiographical memory, cultural-historical psychology, traditional culture, theoretical culture.

Scientific Heritage

Eugenia A. Dolgova. Nikolai Kareev's (1850–1931) general methodology of the humanities (pp. 185–198).

The interdisciplinary problems of Nikolai I. Kareev's works including ‘The General Methodology of the Humanities’ are considered in this article. The synthesis of history, sociology and psychology in the humanitarian knowledge of the first third of the 20^th century is shown. The article illustrates the scholar’s basic idea of cross-disciplinary interaction in the humanities.

Keywords: Nikolai Kareev, the humanities, methodology and theory of history, sociology, psychology.

Stories of the Future

Akop P. Nazaretyan. The 21^st century: A nonlinear gradient (pp. 199–211).

The current global forecasts rather often underestimate the peculiarities of the problems in the 21^st century compared to the 20^th century and the nonlinearity gradient of evolutionary processes in the foreseeable future. The paper is a journal version of the Introduction to the author's monograph ‘Nonlinear future’. It demonstrates that the ecological and political patterns, which played an important educative role in the second half of the 20^th century (the époque of the Western consumer society), are becoming counter-productive.

Keywords: Mega-History, future, global crises, nonlinearity, gradient, techno-humanitarian balance, external control, internal control, cosmos.

Randal A. Koene, Maria E. Tuchina. On the new evolutionary strategy for the humanity. A review of the congress ‘Global Future 2045’ (New York, June 2013) (pp. 212–218).

In memoriam

Andrei Stepanovich Akopian (1958–2013) (p. 219).

Contents and abstracts (pp. 220–222)

Authors of the issue (p. 223)