Sing C. Chew is Professor of Sociology at the California State University-Humboldt, and Senior Research Scientist at Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany. He is the founding Editor of the interdisciplinary journal, Nature and Culture, and is the author of numerous publications and books including a trilogy on world ecological degradation over five thousand years of world history: World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation 3000 BC – AD 2000 Vol. 1; The Recurring Dark Ages: Ecological Stress, Climate Changes and System Transformation Vol. 2; Ecological Futures: What History Can Teach Us. His most recent book is The Theory and Methodology of World Development. He is cur-rently completing a book on Southeast Asia in the first Eurasian World System 200 BC – AD 500.